Aim: The purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge knowledge by dental students of Year 3,4  and 5 Penang International Dental college, regarding early childhood caries and infant oral health.

Pyogenic granuloma (PG) is benign reactive hyperplasia of connective tissue in response to traumatic injury, low grade local irritation, hormonal changes and drugs like cyclosporine, carbamazepine and oral contraceptives. Higher frequency of PG is observed in second and third decade of life, especially among women. Here we report a case of unusually large oral PG in a 28 years male, with unique clinical presentation as it was seen covering the whole palate, atypical size measuring 6cm as compared to normal size of PG that rarely exceeds 2.5 cm and distinct shape due to constant tongue pressure, no bleeding on maneuver and was firm in consistency. This case report discusses the clinical features that distinguish this lesion from other similar oral mucosal lesions as these atypical presentation can be rather confusing and can lead to misdiagnosis.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma is the sixth most common cancer worldwide. The high mortality rate in cancer is commonly attributed to the difficulties in detecting the lesion at an early and treatable stage. Most common risk factors for oral cancer are tobacco consumption, alcohol and Human Papilloma Virus. It may occur due to poor oral hygiene and poor diet. Early diagnosis and complete treatment of oral cancer is the challenging point of the cancer prevention and control strategy. Due to the potential limitations of the conventional visual oral examination, adjunctive aids to assist in chairside detection of lesions that are suspected of oral cancer or potentially malignant disorders have been developed and are commercially available. This review explains the clinical application of various diagnostic aids in early detection of oral cancer when the tumor is small so that it significantly improves survival and contributes to less morbidity following therapy.

Saliva has been studied extensively for the identification of potential biomarkers for various diseases, including those of the oral cavity and also other systemic diseases. Especially, saliva has been shown to be extremely valuable for the potential diagnosis, prognosis, and monitorization of periodontal disease. While there is a considerable number of salivary biomarkers currently associated with periodontitis, salivary biomarkers concerning gingivitis are not as abundant. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the existing salivary biomarkers for both gingivitis and periodontitis, demonstrating the need, use, and potential for additional biomarkers for gingivitis.

Nanotechnologies have been extensively studied in many fields of science and technology as a promising candidate. Nanoparticles can be tuned or functionalized or doped as per the requirement. Therefore, this technology is embraced by different areas of science; one of them is dentistry. In this review we will discuss how nanoparticles play a key role in the research of dental sciences. Due to nanotechnology many challenges in dentistry have conquered. Different nanoparticles are being used in remineralization of enamel, dentin hypersensitivity, anti-bacterial activity, teeth whitening, dental implants, anti-carious and dental restorative materials. Nanodentistry; a revolutionizing development will possibly change clinical dental practice for oral healthcare.

The most common tumor of minor salivary glands is the pleomorphic adenoma and palate is the commonly affected site. Other locations for this tumor within the oral cavity are lips, oral mucosa, and tongue. Clinically shows asymptomatic, slow growing, firm, submucosal nodule. The treatment of choice of pleomorphic adenoma is surgical excision. Malignant transformation, though rare has been reported. In this article, we report a case of pleomorphic adenoma of the upper lip.

General well-being is related to health and disease states of the oral cavity as well as the rest of the body. An awareness of this inter-relationship is essential when the clinician is working with the older patient because the incidence of major dental problems and the frequency of chronic illness increase dramatically in older people. This review article was searched for electronic databases (PubMed/Medline, Cochrane, Science Direct Online, Embase, and Web of Science). About 150 articles with clinical studies and reviews were screened. Relevant electronically searched journals were retrieved and then appropriate information was compiled.

Clinical decision making in elderly patients is becoming increasingly challenging. Today, however, preservation of the natural dentition has been so successful that tooth loss is no longer accepted as inevitable. Tooth retention has increased significantly in older individuals and dentists are now challenged to preserve the strategic teeth. There will be a need to consider the endodontic therapy and preservation of key teeth which will facilitate the satisfactory oral function for elderly patients. Elimination of infection can be challenging in narrow canals and a systematic approach in improving access and negotiating these canals is important for successful endodontic therapy. This review paper describes the challenges posed upon diagnosing, treatment planning and treating the elderly endodontic patient.

Background: Persons' oral health status is an influential aspect of public health that alters their quality of life. The impression of physical and mental health on oral and dental health can be evaluated by the quality of life criterion. Therefore, a multidimensional implication named oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) has been offered. Also, oral diseases can affect regular activities and have unfavorable effects on current and future quality of life and due to the high prevalence of oral diseases in children, assessing OHRQoL is very important. This study aimed to measure the OHRQoL and compare it between children with and without parental care. This survey also assessed the factors that influence OHRQoL.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 160 school children with parental care and 100 orphan children in Kerman, Iran. After fulfilling the child perceptions questionnaire (CPQ) voluntarily, a clinical examination was performed. Then indices such as; decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT), molar-incisor hypoplasia (MIH), modified gingival index (MGI), traumatic dental injury (TDI), and malocclusion were recorded. Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS version 25 via the ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient test, Chi-Square test, and descriptive statistics.
Results: Children without parents performed poor scores for OHRQoL items compared to those having parents (P < 0.001). DMFT was not significantly related to OHRQoL; however, missing teeth were correlated with the CPQ11-14 overall. Also, the TDI index had a significant relationship with CPQ mean score (p = 0.02). Moreover, the difference in the mean CPQ11-14 score in children with TDI in the two groups was significant regarding the quality of life (p = 0.031).
Conclusions: OHRQoL differed significantly between children in two groups, and it can be influenced by gender and habits. Due to the more vulnerability of welfare-supported children without parental care, these findings emphasize the value of preventive and health-promoting measures for this group of children.

Dental professionals are trying to adapt to the new norms, while the medium to long-term impact of COVID-19 on dentistry needs further investigation. The COVID-19 risk mitigation strategies include strict adherence to infection control practices (use of hand sanitizers, facemask and maintaining social distancing), reducing the amount of aerosol production in the dental setting, and managing the quality of air in the dental treatment rooms by reducing the use of air conditioners and improving air exchange. Among several potential transmission sources in the spreading of the COVID-19, dental services have received a high volume of attention. The aim of this article was to review the available literature on the relevant aspects of dentistry in relation to COVID-19 and to discuss potential impacts of COVID-19 outbreak on clinical dentistry, dental education and research. Although the coronavirus pandemic has caused many difficulties for provision of clinical dentistry, there would be an opportunity for the dental educators to modernize their teaching approaches using novel digital concepts in teaching of clinical skills and by enhancement of online communication and learning platforms. This pandemic has also highlighted some of the major gaps in dental research and the need for new relevant knowledge to manage the current crisis and minimize the impact of such outbreaks on dentistry in the future.

Maxillofacial defects can result from trauma, treatment of neoplasm or congenital malformations. Many a times due to size, location of the defect or because of the patient’s medical condition, surgical reconstruction may not be possible. In these cases, rehabilitation is indicated with the help of a maxillofacial prosthesis. Hemifacial microsomia is a congenital anomaly that affects development of mouth, face, eyes and ears. Such abnormalities or defects compromise form, function, esthetics, social acceptance and deeply affect the psychological status of an individual. This report describes the comprehensive prosthetic rehabilitation of a case of Hemifacial microsomia with congenital defect of ipsilateral orbit and ear. The individual was rehabilitated with a custom made orbital and auricular prosthesis using room temperature vulcanizing silicone. The prosthetic rehabilitation significantly improved aesthetics, phonetics and function as well as social and psychological status of the patient.

This study consisted of 10 patients divided into two groups, (five for each group). First group, the reduction was assisted through the use of (6 mm length - 2 mm diameter) screw, 26-gauge stainless steel wire, and 16-gauge needle. Second group, the reduction was performed using a towel clip and bone hook without stripping the lateral pterygoid muscle from its condylar insertion