Background: However, the placental growth depends on from SHP-2 protein, its main duty is still undefined. P38 MARK pathway is one of the main transducers within placental IGFs’ signal and is responsible for organogenesis and trophoblast differentiation. Objective: To define the activation of SHP-2 and p38 protein in post-term pregnancy placenta. Method: The protein concentrate from the placenta is defined through the BCA experiment kit and ELISA reader. SHP 2 protein and p-p38 protein activation are determined in normal and post-term pregnancy placental specimen using immunoblotting. Results: As a result of our study, we noticed that SHP protein synthesis increased unevenly in normal and postterm pregnancy. P38 protein phosphorus which is an inflammation transcription factor, is not determined in both pregnancy groups. Conclusion: SHP 2 protein synthesis is determined persistently in post-term pregnancy. P38 activation was detected in a placental tissue specimen.

Background: Breastfeeding is a woman practice that usually feeds an infant with milk produced from the mammary glands of the nipple. Who described breastfeeding as an unparalleled way of infant survival, healthy growth, and development? We also recommend that you start breastfeeding within 1 hour of giving birth to your first milk. It promotes breastfeeding of the first milk and is not recommended for breastfeeding before the child. First, milk is 3 times richer in vitamin A and 10 times richer in mature beta-carotene. Objective: To assess the knowledge and practice of breastfeeding mothers of children under the age of 2 in Dilla Town, South Ethiopia, in 2020. Method: Cross-sectional community-based studies were used. The survey was conducted in the town of Dilla community and a sample size of 362 was used to collect the data. We performed this study using a simple random systematic random sampling technique and collected data from respondents using a structured, pretested questionnaire and an interview-guided method of data collection by the principal investigator. .. The data was entered and analyzed by manual aggregation method and frequency distribution tables, and some variables were described using static graphs. Results and discussion: A total of 362 women participated in the study in Dilla Town, and the effective rate was 100%. The average age of the study subjects was +27 years old, and about 136 (37.56%) were religious Protestants. Approximately 240 (56.3%) women had at least two children. This study shows that the largest proportion of research subjects have primary education level (28.17%), and their understanding of BF also depends on their education level. As the knowledge of breastfeeding improves, so does the level of education. Therefore, this research is consistent with the research conducted in developing countries. Conclusion: Mothers with an elementary level of education have lower breastfeeding practices than those with a higher education. A woman whose husband’s educated also influences the practice of breastfeeding. The higher the educational level of the husband, the more he practiced breastfeeding. Previous breastfeeding experience is helpful to facilitate the practice of breastfeeding.

Background: Ethiopia ratified its abortion law in 2005, primarily to reduce the incidence of unsafe abortion and the availability of safe abortion services has increased. However, service availability has not led to a significant reduction in unsafe abortion.
Aims: This study aimed to assess women’s perception about the accessibility of safe abortion care services at selected public institutions in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Study design: Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted.
Method: The study was conducted among 432 women of reproductive age at selected non- health sector public institutions in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Data were entered into Epi-data, cleaned, and exported to SPSS version 24.0 for data analysis. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics, independent-sample t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and linear regression. Statistical significance was set at 5%. To avoid issues associated with multicollinearity, we have checked to see if (a) the condition index was < 3, (b) that the variance inflation factors (VIF) were
< 5, and (c) tolerance was > 0.2.
Results: In this study, more than half (60.2%) of the participants reported that they had pregnancy at least once. Seventy-eight respondents (18.1%) had a history of previous miscarriage. Closely half of (46.2%) of the females who had miscarriage history were treated at governmental health institutions; followed by private clinics (35.9%) and
traditional methods (6.4%). Whereas, 11.5% of them did not get any abortion care service. There was a significant difference in mean scores of participants faced post-abortion complications and treated at the traditional healer, and particularly the respondents attended traditional healer makes the strongest unique contribution to explaining the perception score.
Conclusion: There is an urgent need for the government and other stakeholders to provide more awareness of the accessibility and advantage of safe abortion services in the community.

Introduction: Reproductive health and Family Planning (FP) services are a huge global concern especially in African countries where fertility rates are high. Many studies have acknowledged the critical role of men in increasing access to and utilisation of maternal health services
Methodology: It is an analytical cross-sectional study consisting of all consenting married men till the calculated sample size is achieved. Convenience sampling method was adopted. A self-administered semi structured questionnaire was developed and used to extract information from married men. A sample of about 15 questionnaires was pilot tested for the validity and reliability amongst the participants. SPSS version 23 was used for data entry and analysis. Approval was obtained from the research and ethics committee of the Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital.
Result: Findings from this study revealed that a birth spacing of 1-2 years among respondents was predominant (36.7%) and the desired number of children was between 3-4 and 1-2, with 68.3% and 20%, respectively. this study found out that most male respondents (86.7%) approve that their spouses use of family planning. The major reasons indicated by these men include that family planning is beneficial for birth spacing and avoiding unintended pregnancies.

Conclusion: The involvement of men in maternal health programs, globally, has been associated with positive reproductive health outcomes, such as increased contraceptive use and improved maternal health outcomes.

Objectives: This study demonstrates a short check laparoscopy (CL) following the vaginal hysterectomy (VH) in cases with known or suspected extrauterine pelvic pathology to detect and treat if any remnant pathology to fulfill the requirements of laparoscopy. VH is the least invasive and should be the preferred method of the hysterectomy. The vaginal hysterectomy may not be sufficient to surgically treat the high-level extrauterine pelvic pathologies in candidates with known or suspected extrauterine pelvic pathology.
Design: A prospective observational study was conducted on 169 cases from January 2019 through March 2020.
Participants/Materials, Setting, Methods: The study was conducted in a private setup. Consecutive candidates of the hysterectomy for benign indications with known or suspected extrauterine pelvic pathology such as chronic pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, pelvic inflammatory diseases, previous pelvic surgeries, broad ligament fibroids, and adnexal diseases were recruited from January 2019 and to March 2020 for the study. Cases with uterine size above 16 weeks, associated ventrofixed uteri following previous CS, and associated prolapse uteri were excluded. Elected cases were allowed to undergo the below described CL following VH using electrosurgery. Preoperative,intraoperative and postoperative data were recorded and analyzed using descriptive statistics: percentage, mean, standard deviation, and 95% Confidence interval(CI).
The primary outcome of interest was to detect the remnant pathology following VH in these elected cases. Secondary outcomes of interest were laparoscopic operation time, and risk of CL following VH. 

Results: The check laparoscopy detected and surgically treated the vaginally unreached remnant extrauterine pelvic pathologies in 17.75% of cases. VH with additional surgeries was sufficient to surgically treat the vaginally reached extrauterine pathologies in the rest 82.24% cases. The mean laparoscopic operation time was 12.08±5.18(5-30) minutes (95% CI=11.29-12.87). The mean VH operation time was 75.81 ± 27.21(35-190) minutes (95% CI=71.99-79.95). The majority of vaginal work up to the level of adnexa and the minority of laparoscopic work above the level of adnexa minimised the laparoscopic time and minimised the risk of visceral injuries. There were no major perioperative complications.

Limitations: It requires a comparative study to compare the present VH plus CL with LAVH to access the benefit of the present approach.
Conclusions: A check laparoscopy following VH assists to find and treat the vaginally unreached high-up remnant pathologies in cases with known or suspected extrauterine pelvic pathology.Without CL,remnant pathologies will be retained in some of these patients. The CL assists a vaginal surgeon to complete the laparoscopic surgical requirements in these patients in a short laparoscopic operation time. Thus, VH plus CL was done in place of the direct laparoscopic hysterectomy in these cases. As a whole, a patient gets the benefit of least invasive VH by electrosurgery, and of less risky laparoscopy in this strategy. A comparative study of the present VH plus CL with LAVH in the future can ascertain the better clinical practice of the present approach.

Medical students suffer from stress during academic performance, and since stress negatively impacts various characteristics of the menstrual cycle, and reproductive health is an important indicator of a woman’s overall health, assessing such a phenomenon was of the utmost importance to carry out this study